美国页岩革命的成功从根本上讲不在于技术， 而在于制度，具体来讲，乃是由于其油气领域特有的一系列制度规则促发了技术突破，造就了页岩革命。通过考察此种规则可以发现，它的制度机理在于，确保规则的质量和对市场的回归。然而，这种制度规则的实现并非是一蹴而就的，乃是在经历了一系列规则制定方面的失败教训之后，才得出的经验之举。当然，在美国页岩革命成功之后，这种制度规则的演化也远未停止，它已从简单地对市场的回归，开始考虑环境因素对页岩开发的影响，从而走向了更深层次的规则调整模式。

 关键词: 美国法律； 经济； 能源政策； 能源革命； 页岩气

Behind the Rules: Institutional Reflection on theU.S.Shale Revolution

Abstract: The success of theU.S.shale revolution is not from technology, but fundamentally from the institution. In other words, it is due to those special rules in the field of oil and gas, which make a breakthrough in technology, and then create theU.S.shale revolution. It can be found through the rules that its institutional mechanism is to ensure the efficacy of the rules and the return of the market. Therefore, the ultimate realization ofChina’s energy revolution should be also from the design of innovative rules. To the end, future energy institutional design should focus on the establishment of the meta-rule of energy transformation, respect energy law and market orientation, promote self-adjustment of the rules, and achieve coordinated development with environment.

Key words: shale gas; energy revolution; energy law; energy policy

吕江：《规则的背后：美国页岩革命的制度反思》，载《美国研究》（CSSCI）2016年第2期，第95-108页。

规则的背后_对美国页岩革命的制度反思_吕江.pdf